http://www.euronews.com/
What is a sustainable city? What kind of pressure do our urban spaces
have to face? What examples can small and medium cities set and how can
their successes be reproduced around Europe? Some of the lessons are
being learned at the 5th European Summit of Regions and Cities, in
Copenhagen.
Approximately half of the world's total population
lives in urban areas. By 2030 80% of Europeans are expected to live in
cities. This is why sustainable urban development is acquiring a crucial
dimension in the debate over future European policies. Often local and
regional areas manage to stand out for their eco-friendly practices,
becoming open laboratories of sustainability, as the title of the summit
suggests, "The European urban fabric in the 21st century".
"Historically
cities have always been innovation centres, but it is especially from
the typical medium-sized European city that innovation starts. Now even
the Chinese have discovered that small is beautiful, or better,
middle-sized is beautiful. They have found that cities of 500,000 to
600,000 residents are much more sustainable, and they are building
medium-sized urban areas to avoid their cities turning into megalopoli,"
says President of the Committee of Regions Mercedes Bresso.
Beautiful, green, smart and inclusive : Colourful cities, where people want to live, and can thrive. That is the objective..
Regional
Mayors and Presidents shared and showcased their practical solutions
and strategies to promote sustainable development at a local level.
Among them was Vitoria, the Basque city that holds the title of European
Green capital 2012. It is running a number of innovative projects,
including the "inner green belt".
"Vitoria is surrounded by a
green belt of parks and we are going to reproduce this experience inside
the city. We are going to transform some communication axes and streets
into what we're calling the 'inner green belt', introducing nature
inside the city," says Vitoria's Mayor Javier Maroto Aranzabal.
Sustainable
practice is often associated with rich countries. But the Summit's key
players pointed out that the green economy is an opportunity for regions
with weaker economies. And the United Nations say there is a wind of
change blowing in the market:
"What we are already seeing in the
real economy today is that there are significant new investments in the
transition towards a green economy. In the year 2010 worldwide the
total investment in renewable energies was over 210 billion US dollars,
which is more than the combined total for oil, gas and coal in the world
of electricity generation. So we are seeing those transitions happen,
but they need to be accelerated. Public policy is as important as the
ability of the market to actually engage in this, but financing remains a
critical part of that," says the UN's Environment Programme Director
Achim Steiner.
Copenhagen is a good example of how a green
economy is an economically viable bet. Institutions, industry and
education are working together to make Copenhagen the first carbon
neutral capital by 2025. Its Co2 emissions, says the Mayor, have been
cut by 20% over the past 10 years.
"That's good business for us
as a city to invest in collective solutions, like district heating
systems, like district cooling systems. Sustainable solutions are good
business for the city, for the budget in the city, and it's good
business for creating new jobs," says Copenhagen's Lord Mayor Frank
Jensen.
Once the money is raised, one question remains: how
to use it. How should cities be organised to be efficient and livable?
Urban planners suggest that sustainable cities will be high-density and
compact
to decrease pressure on resources.
"We'll have to
change the way we move around and we'll have to change the way we build.
I think that what we should not do anymore are large-scale
free-standing buildings in the old way of the modernists, who did a
block and another block and in between there is a sort of a no man's
land. We'll have to build in a much more urban way around public spaces:
squares, streets, and parks which invite people to walk and cycle but
also to meet each other," says urban planner Jan Gehl.
Many of
the world's cities are broken already or at breaking point; parched,
hungry, polluted, congested, disfunctional, or downright dangerous. The
Summit hopes to provide some of the answers.
"UN Environment chief urges more green investment":
http://www.euronews.com/2012/03/23/green-gives-good-returns-copenhag
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